Demographics

Production planning

28th November - Detailed mock front covers

9th November - Detailed mock front covers 

5th December - Shooting photographs (20 images for contents, double page spread and cover)
6th December - Shooting photographs

12th December - Photoshop manipulation
13th December - Photoshop manipulation

19th December - Final design
20th December - Front cover deadline 

Magazine genre

Music genre choice

 Music genre choice by rubymoore on GoAnimate

My audience profile

Audience Media Pack

I researched into reader profiles to gather information about the target audiences for specific magazines and to see what they are interested in in particular magazines that are of a similar music genre to mine. This will help me when I am planning my magazine, as I will consider my features and design to appeal to them. Unfortunately, I could not find an effective reader profile that was the same as my genre, therefore I used NME as although this genre is mainly Indie, it also features many artists who are also alternative rock and would also feature in my magazine, such as the Arctic Monkeys.

Reader profile of NME magazine

 

Example of NME magazine coverr

This is the reader profile for NME magazine. The statistics show that this magazine targets a lot more males as it 74% males to 26% females, with the median age being around 23, with 42% of them being students. Therefore features that are shown on the reader profile appeal to this specific target audience, such as the cars, alcohol, hair gel, other brands and various technologies. This also implies that NME uses technology and suggests that there will be a website as well. Furthermore, this shows that NME always think about the products they will advertise in their magazine, to attract this audience. This reader profile gives reliable information and is trustworthy; such as the NME logo is used, showing it has been made by the producer of the magazine and Bauer media group, therefore providing true and accurate information. This reader profile tells tells the viewer who the magazine's audience is, how many people read it and what they think of it. The layout of the profile is well structured and organised, creating it to look professional and suggests that the magazine is also like this.

Why I researched NME magazine:
I decided to research NME magazine because it features different music artists on every magazine issue, that are currently popular in the industry; this provides a change and offers something new in every magazine for the reader. As well as the music genre for the magazine is indie/rock, this is a similar genre that my magazine is, therefore the information researched will be relevant, to my magazine. 

About NME:
'New Musical Express' is a very popular music magazine in the UK, and has won several awards, such as 'best front cover of the year'. The editor of the magazine is Mike Williams. The magazine is published every month and was first published in March 1952. The publisher of the magazine is IPC media.

Q double page spread LIIAR analysis

Language - 
The double page spread features an extra large image of the artist Lady Gaga, who's image dominates a whole page. This stands out, letting the audience identify who the magazine is about. It is eye catching and effective because if the reader was flicking through the magazine, he image would attract their attention and they would know immediately who the magazine is about. The colour scheme: red, black and white from the contents page and front cover, is continued on the double page spread. This double page spread also breaks conventions, such as not featuring pull quotes from the article. This connotes a sense of rebellion, which represents the rebellious side to the magazine. As well, the only masthead featured on the spread just says, "lady GAGA", this is effective because it shows that just b the audience reading her name, it will persuade them to read the article.

Ideology -
Q magazine promotes music artists who are popular rock artists. It aims to be the UK's biggest music magazine, that promotes current popular/rock artists. Q magazine's audience is 70% male and 30% female, therefore the magazine will need to feature artists that appeal to them, and articles and interviews, that they will be interested in. The double page spread appears very professional and aesthetically pleasing, because of the neat layout and house style. Therefore, this will attract the reader and persuade them to read the article.


Institution -

Q magazine is a popular/rock magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom. Founders Mark Ellen and David Hepworth were dismayed by the music press of the time, which they felt was ignoring a generation of older music buyers who were buying CDs — then still a new technology. Q was first published by the EMAP media group in October 1986, setting itself apart from much of the other music press with monthly production and higher standards of photography and Printing. In the early years, the magazine was sub-titled "The modern guide to music and more". The magazine has an extensive review section, featuring: new releases (music), reissus (music), music compilations, film and live concert reviews, as well as radio and television reviews. It uses a star-rating system from one to five stars; indeed, the rating an album receives in Q is often added to print and television advertising for the album in the UK and Ireland. It also compiles a list of approximately eight albums, which it classes as the best new releases of the last three months. Much of the magazine is devoted to interviews with popular/rock musical artists.

Audience - 

Q magazine is a rock/pop music magazine and so appeals to people who like rock/pop music. The target audience is for teenagers and young adults, aged between 15-25 years old. This is because this specific target audience who are most likely to be interested in this magazine genre, or go to concerts and festivals related to this music style. As well, this age group will easily recognise who the artists are that feature in the magazine, than an older or younger audience. Seen as this target audience will feature young people who will most likely be students, the price of the magazine would have to be relatively cheap. This is due to this target audience, being stereotypically with either no jobs or on minimum wage, so they wouldn't be able to afford expensive magazines. 

Representation - 

The double page spread is about the artist Lady Gaga, therefore the magazine is promoting her and her new album. The image of her is black and white, which matches the colour theme of the magazine; this links the main age on the spread to the article.

Q Contents page LIIAR analysis

Language - 
There is a large *masthead* at the top of the page which is against a plain white background, this creates the text to stand out and help the audience identify what the page is about. The page features a colour theme, consisting of: red, black and white. This is a continuous theme throughout the magazine, therefore creating a professional and aesthetically pleasing house style. The contents page is conventional as it features articles that will be featured in the magazine, as well as the page numbers to indicate the different articles featured. However, this contents page also breaks conventions; as the page features many images which dominate the  page. Instead of text indication which artists will feature on what page, images are used instead, of the artists. This connotes that because the genre or the magazine is Pop/Rock, the audience should know who the artists are, because they are currently popular and match the magazine genre. In this issue, the main feature artist is Lana Del Ray and on this contents page, this is identified by the image of her being predominately larger and dominating the page, catching the readers attention.

Ideology - 
Q magazine promotes music artists who are popular rock artists. It aims to be the UK's biggest music magazine, that promotes current popular/rock artists. Q magazine's audience is 70% male and 30% female, therefore the magazine will need to feature artists that appeal to them, and articles and interviews, that they will be interested in. This contents page is conventional because it displays what articles and artists will feature in the magazine, along with the page numbers. However, this page also breaks conventions; such as the page consists of more images of the artists, than text. These images consist of the artists that will be featured, therefore the audience should know who they are without text, because they are popular artists, that match the magazine genre. In addition, the main image that is larger and dominates the page, is an image of the artist Lana Del Ray, who is the main artist in the magazine. Moreover, the page also features the same colour theme as the front cover, consisting of: red, black and white. This matches the house style and creates the page to look professional and aesthetically pleasing.

Institution -
Q magazine is a popular/rock magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom. Founders Mark Ellen and David Hepworth were dismayed by the music press of the time, which they felt was ignoring a generation of older music buyers who were buying CDs — then still a new technology. Q was first published by the EMAP media group in October 1986, setting itself apart from much of the other music press with monthly production and higher standards of photography and Printing. In the early years, the magazine was sub-titled "The modern guide to music and more". The magazine has an extensive review section, featuring: new releases (music), reissus (music), music compilations, film and live concert reviews, as well as radio and television reviews. It uses a star-rating system from one to five stars; indeed, the rating an album receives in Q is often added to print and television advertising for the album in the UK and Ireland. It also compiles a list of approximately eight albums, which it classes as the best new releases of the last three months. Much of the magazine is devoted to interviews with popular/rock musical artists.

Audience -
Q magazine is a rock/pop music magazine and so appeals to people who like rock/pop music. The target audience is for teenagers and young adults, aged between 15-25 years old. This is because this specific target audience who are most likely to be interested in this magazine genre, or go to concerts and festivals related to this music style. As well, this age group will easily recognise who the artists are that feature in the magazine, than an older or younger audience. Seen as this target audience will feature young people who will most likely be students, the price of the magazine would have to be relatively cheap. This is due to this target audience, being stereotypically with either no jobs or on minimum wage, so they wouldn't be able to afford expensive magazines.


Representation -
The contents page features more images of the artists than text, which I think represents the audience well, as they will be able to identify who the artists are. It will suit the target audience of teenagers and young adults, because they wont want to read a lot of text. A continuous colour theme has been used,consisting of: red, white and black. This is effective because it allows the dark text to stand out against the white background.This matches the continuous house style throughout the magazine. 

Q Front cover LIIAR analysis

I chose to do a LIIAR analysis of the rock magazine 'Q' because it is similar to the genre of my magazine being Pop/Rock.

Language -
The magazine cover is presented in a colour theme, consisting of: red, white and grey. All of these colours contrast with the black background, so therefore it is easy to read the text, but also these specific colours connote danger and create a dark image, which relates to the genre of rock - which is the genre of Q magazine. In addition, by using this colour scheme it creates a house style; this presents a professional and aesthetically pleasing to the reader. the masthead 'Q' is presented very large and is against a bright red background, the red background stands out against the dark background, as well as grasping the readers attention. Furthermore, by the masthead just being the letter 'Q' it is easily recognisable as to what magazine it is; and because it is a branch of magazine's, the reader will know what magazine it is. As well, a kicker is featured at the top of the splash which states 'The UK's biggest music magazine' this attracts the audience's attention and persuades them to read the magazine, as the kicker promotes it. All of the cover lines displayed around the main image, relate to the magazine and the music genre, for example it labels other various rock artists, such as 'John mayer, Vampire weekend and Muse'. By each of these artists having their own cover lines, it will attract the reader to read the magazine, as they will relate to the magazine. Furthermore, at the bottom of the page, an anchorage is featured saying '3 words... Cheryl Cole ROCKS', not only does this promote the artist, but it also reinforces the music genre of rock and showing how the artist signifies this genre. The main image is a close-up of Cheryl Cole, which takes up the majority of the cover. This is effective because she is a well known artist, the reader will recognise who she is and be persuaded to read the magazine, as it features her. 

Ideology -
The ideology of the magazine is to attract the audience's attention and persuade them to buy and read the magazine, because of how the front cover appears. Q magazine promotes new rock music, produced by current artists. Q features artists that are either in the rock genre, or have produced music similar to a rock style; such as cheryl Cole. Therefore, the magazine needs to appear aesthetically pleasing to a target audience, who would be interested in this magazine style. For instance, the layout of the splash matches the genre of rock; this is presented through the dark house style, which connote the dark edge of rock music. In addition, the main image of Cheryl Cole, shows that she has a rock edge to her, as she is wearing a ring, like a claw, this connotes that she has a darker side waiting to come out, which relates to her releasing rock music. Furthermore, the colour scheme of red is reinforce in the main image, this is shown by her red lipstick. This connotes danger and matches with the house style. This shows a contrast to the 'Billboard' magazine, where iconography of the main image is flowers and a girly colour theme - representing Pop genre; compared to the dark and dangerous representing layout, of Q magazine, representing rock.

Institution -
Q magazine is a popular/rock magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom. Founders Mark Ellen and David Hepworth were dismayed by the music press of the time, which they felt was ignoring a generation of older music buyers who were buying CDs — then still a new technology. Q was first published by the EMAP media group in October 1986, setting itself apart from much of the other music press with monthly production and higher standards of photography and Printing. In the early years, the magazine was sub-titled "The modern guide to music and more". The magazine has an extensive review section, featuring: new releases (music), reissus (music), music compilations, film and live concert reviews, as well as radio and television reviews. It uses a star-rating system from one to five stars; indeed, the rating an album receives in Q is often added to print and television advertising for the album in the UK and Ireland. It also compiles a list of approximately eight albums, which it classes as the best new releases of the last three months. Much of the magazine is devoted to interviews with popular/rock musical artists.

Audience -
Q magazine is a rock/pop music magazine and so appeals to people who like rock/pop music. The target audience is for teenagers and young adults, aged between 15-25 years old. This is because this specific target audience who are most likely to be interested in this magazine genre, or go to concerts and festivals related to this music style. As well, this age group will easily recognise who the artists are that feature in the magazine, than an older or younger audience. Seen as this target audience will feature young people who will most likely be students, the price of the magazine would have to be relatively cheap. This is due to this target audience, being stereotypically with either no jobs or on minimum wage, so they wouldn't be able to afford expensive magazines.

Representations -
The main image on the splash cover, is the artist Cheryl Cole. This is significant because she is promoting her new music, which is the genre of rock, so therefore relates to the magazine. Moreover, as the main image is of her, the audience will identify her and will therefore attract their attention to the magazine, and persuade them to buy it.

Cast

Alys Winter will be featuring on my front cover, contents page and double page spread. I chose you Alys because she has a rocky look about her and is very photogenic, knowing that she will be able to pose and position herself how I want. I will have to carefully consider
what different shot types I would like to use of her.







Another cast member I will like to feature in my magazine is Jack Conman. I have made the decision to place him on my contents page. I decided to use Jack as an artist as he musical and with the idea in mind that I could photograph him and with the help of Photoshop, making it appear like he is playing live on stage. I also need to consider camera angles and shot types when photographing him.





In addition, another cast member I would like to include in my magazine is Eddie Moxon, who I aim to place on my contents page. I chose to use Eddie as one of my magazine models because his rocky appearance and style. In addition, I want to Eddie to play a member out of a band, as rock bands are very popular, therefore I need to carefully decided what props I could include, to make him appear as a band member, such as some drum sticks.

Billboard double page spread LIIAR analysis

I chose this image as my double page spread, because it matches with my front page cover and contents page, from the NME magazine. In addition, the genre of the magazine it was taken from is Rock, which is a similar genre of my magazine.

Language -
There is a large main image of the feature artist, on the right hand page. This allows the image to stand out and be the dominant feature on the double page spread, therefore letting the reader know, who the article is about. Furthermore, as the main image is in bright and stands out from the rest of the features, the main image becomes very eye-catching and attracts the readers attention to the article. The colour scheme of red, black and white is continued onto this page, highlighting import text, so that it stands out. This shows a continuous house style throughout the magazine. It also uses direct quotations from the article in larger text and placed around the main image, this is used because the publisher feels it is the most important part of the text, so therefore, will entice the reader to read the full article. The large heading promotes the artist, and is persuading the reader to read the article.

Ideology -
The NME magazine features popular artists, who are currently or are expected to be in the charts. So because Lily Allen is featured across a double pages spread, the magazine is promoting her as an artist and her music. The spread appears very aesthetically pleasing and professional, because of the organised layout and the house style. Therefore, this will attract the readers attention and persuade them to read the article.

Institution -

New Musical Express, popularly known by the acronym NME, created by Theodore Ingham, is a UK weekly pop/rock music journalism publication, published since March 1952. It started as a music newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 90s, changing from newsprint in 1998. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in 14 November 1952 edition. In the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. During the period 1972 to 1976, it was particularly associated with gonzo journalism (self-involved reporting), then became closely associated with punk rock through the writing of Tony Parsons. The magazine is distributed by IPC media.

Information taken from http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_(magazine)

Audience -
The target audience for the music magazine would be for a younger audience, mainly teenagers between the ages of 12-20 because the magazine purpose is to advertise and promote the music which would be aimed at that age range. Therefore, an older audience wouldn't be interested in that music genre. Also the magazine is aimed for anyone that is interested in the 'rock' genre. Furthermore, the main artist on the double page spread, would appeal to this age group, therefore the double page spread, will attract their attention.

Representation -
The article on this double page spread, talks about Lily Allen and her newly released  album. Because she is presented on a double page spread, the magazine is promoting her and her music, by grasping the audience's attention, to read the article. The colour of the text is subtle compared to the main image, this allows the artist to dominate the pages.

NME contents page LIIAR analysis

Language - 
The large masthead at the top of the page is in capital letters, this allows the title to stand out and help the reader identify what the page is about, by grasping their attention. The text featured is in a colour theme that consists of; white, red and black. This is so it can stand out against the white background, but also so the page is well presented and appears aesthetically pleasing. It is a conventional contents page, as it features articles that will be featured in the magazine, along with their page numbers. Furthermore, featured at the left hand side of the magazine is the current billboard chart, this is significant because it relates to the purpose of the magazine, by advertising the music that is currently in the charts,k when the magazine was published. This shows that it is a weekly magazine.

Ideology - 
Billboard promotes new pop music that is featured in the charts. It aims to be the magazine that reveals the current charts every week. The page consists of different music artists, that will be featured as stories in the magazine, this is shown by the main articles having images at the top of the page, promoting who will feature in the magazine and  persuading the reader to read articles about them. Although, the main image is of the main artist that will feature in the magazine, this is shown by her image appearing larger than the rest and placed more in the center of the page. This is to attract the readers attention more to the image of her, so they can realise that she is the main artist, featured in the magazine. All of the page numbers and types of text are the same size, this is to show consistency and keep to the magazine house style.

Institution - 

Billboard magazine is a international news magazine, devoted to music and the music industry, and is one of the oldest trade magazines in the world. It maintains several internationally recognised music charts that track the most popular songs and albums in various categories on a weekly basis. It was founded in Cincinnati on November 1st, 1894, by William H. Donaldson and James Hennagen. Originally titled 'Billboard Advertising' it was a trade paper for the bill posting industry. 

Information taken from http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)

Audience - 

Billboard is a pop/chart music magazine and so appeals to people who like that genre of music. The target audience is teenagers aged between 12-24, this is because the music genre that the magazine features is pop and chart, and this music would appeal more to a younger audience. As well it is a younger audience who would recognise the artists that are featured in the magazine. Seen as the target audience is aimed at a younger audience, the price would have to be quite low, to consider that amongst the target audience, there are students.

Representation - 
There is not a lot of text situated amongst the images on the context page, this is because a teenage audience would not be interested in reading a lot, therefore it will appeal to them. It just gives the reader a good understanding of who the magazine will feature, to persuade them to read on. There is a colour theme to match the house style of the magazine, this consists of blue and black. This matches the colour theme of the front cover, therefore a continuous house style is used throughout.

NME front cover LIIAR Analysis

Language - 
The text all around the cover is presented in a colour theme, consisting of red, black, blue and white.These colours contrast well with the light background and help the text to stand out, so the audience can easily read it. It is also presents the front cover to appear professional and well organised, this will appear aesthetically pleasing to the reader.The masthead is 'NME' which is the acronym for ' New Musical express', this shows that just because the masthead is just of the acronym, it is a popular magazine and the audience is expected to know what the magazine is. In addition, the masthead is large and red, which is the same as the main artists name 'Arctic Monkeys' , this highlights who the main artist is and allows it stand out, this connotes that the band 'Arctic Monkeys' are huge and stand out in the music industry. Although part of the masthead is covered by the main image, you can still easily identify what the masthead says, due to it being a popular brand and the masthead being easily recognisable. All of the cover lines displayed on the front cover, relate to the music magazine and the music genre. For example the cover lines include other artists that relate to the Rock genre, such as "Frank Turner destroys Wembley". This is effective because it promotes an artist who relates to the magazine. The medium close-up used for the main image of the main band member, Alex Turner, allows him to stand out on the magazine, as the image takes up two thirds of the cover. This helps the reader identify who the main artist on the magazine is and will persuade them to read the magazine. Moreover, the main title 'The record that changed my life' situated under the main image, persuades the reader to read the magazine as it is promoting Alex Turner and Arctic monkeys.

Ideology - 
The ideology of this magazine is to attract the audiences attention and persuade them to buy the magazine, because of how the front cover appears. The front cover is to appear to suit the music genre of the magazine being 'rock' and help the audience identify this. The layout of the front cover appeals to a young, mixed-gender target audience, who would also be interested in the music genre of 'rock'. This is presented by the main image being an artist who is very popular in the alternative rock music genre, so will therefore appeal to the audience. Furthermore, as Alex Turner is young, this can mirror the target audience as they will feel that they can relate to him and the magazine. In addition, because the colour scheme is mainly red, white and black, this symbolises the rock genre, because the colour red connotes danger and black connotes a darker side of music. However, if the genre of the music magazine was different, for example, a pop music magazine, then the conventions and layout of the front cover would change. For instance, the colour scheme wouldn't be dark colours; instead it would be bright and girly colours. In addition, the main image would be of a different artist or band and would feature different iconography, such as flowers and hearts.

Institution - 

New Musical Express, popularly known by the acronym NME, created by Theodore Ingham, is a UK weekly pop/rock music journalism publication, published since March 1952. It started  as a music newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 90s, changing from the newsprint in 1998. it was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 14th November 1952 edition. In the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper.

Audience - 
The target audience for the music magazine would be for a younger audience, mainly teenagers between the ages of 12-25 because the magazine purpose is to advertise and promote the music genre of rock, with artists that more of a younger audience would know. Therefore, an older audience wouldn't be interested in that music genre. Also the magazine is aimed for anyone that is interested in the 'rock' music genre. Furthermore, the main artist of the front cover, would appeal to this age group, therefore the front cover will attract their attention. In addition, the cover lines also relate to this specific target audience, for example the cover line  "All the free gigs" this would interest a young audience who is is a game that the target audience can relate to and attract their attention. Moreover, the magazine would appeal more to a female audience, rather than male, because of the girly conventions; such as the pink background and flowers on the main image, which are girly. Compared to if the target audience was aimed at an older audience, the colour scheme and layout would appear more subtle and the artist used, would be an artist they would recognise and relate too; therefore the music genre of the magazine would also change.

Representation - 

The main image situated in the centre of the front cover, is the artist Katy perry. this is significant because she relates to the magazine by her music being in the Billboard charts, but also as her main music genre is 'pop'. As she is the main image on the cover, this will attract the reader to read the magazine because they are familiar with the artist. As well, the background colour is bright which symbolises new and popular music. 

Coursework Brief

To design a front cover, contents and double page spread for a new music magazine. All images and text used must be original, a minimum of four images must be used.

College Magazine Evaluation

My college magazine front cover uses many conventions that are seen on real magazines everyday. These include: main image, head mast, colour theme and text with cover line articles. Initially, I took the main image of a mid-close up of a dancer; this was to show that the model is a dancer, but also a student, by the college books she is holding in her hands. As well, in the image the background shows a dance studio and familiarises where the model is and that the magazine genre is dance. Another convention i added to my magazine was a large, bold head mast. I created the head mast to be called 'Wyke dance co.' because that is the name of the dance at Wyke and it relates the magazine to the college. Moreover, I placed the masthead at the top of the cover so that it stands out and summarises exactly what the magazine is about. I chose the text to be large and contrast against the dark background, so that it is clear to read. In addition, I designed the magazine to have a colour scheme. This consists of purple and white. I chose these colours because purple is Wyke's theme colour and the white outline around the purple text, allows the text to stand out against the dark background of the main image. By all of the colours matching it makes the magazine cover to appear professional and well organised, so that it looks like a real magazine. Furthermore, I have spaced cover lines all around the main image, stating the different articles that the magazine will feature, this will persuade the reader to buy the magazine. Finally, another convention that I added to my magazine is a barcode in the bottom left hand corner. This creates the magazine to look real and is verisimilitude.

            My college magazine would be targeted for college students, who preferably attend Wyke College. Also, it would be suitable for either dance students or students who are interested in reading about Wyke Dance Co. Although the main image features a female model, the magazine is targeted for both genders and between the ages of 16-18.

           I attracted my target audience through several features of my cover. For example, the model is a female dance student from Wyke College, because of this many of the target audience students will recognise the model and will therefore be persuaded to read the magazine. As well, the cover line placed around the cover all relate to the college, this is significant because the readers will know about the articles and will be persuaded to read on.

           I constructed my magazine cover through different types of technology. For instance, I captured the photograph of my main image using a digital camera. From this I have learnt new skills of how to work the camera for future references. Also, I constructed my magazine cover on 'Photoshop' on an Apple Mac. I am new to using the Mac and Photoshop, so I was therefore learning and developing my knowledge on how to use them as I developed my magazine cover. Once I got used to the programme, I found working on it got easier and I could add more detail and develop it.

          I found that since I had produced my perfume advertisement, I was a lot more confident and was used to working on 'Photoshop' than before. This is because I could recognise the different tools on the programme and had previously learnt what techniques I could use, such as the use of different layers. Due to this I could develop my magazine cover a lot faster than my perfume advertisement. Moreover, when I produced my perfume advert, there were a few effects that I didn't know how to use and design onto my design. Compared to when I was creating my magazine design, I discovered how to use that effect and adapt it into my work. Overall, I feel that since I produced my perfume advertisement, I have improved my skills and can create my magazine using these skills.

         If I could change anything about my finished product it would be to adapt my main image. I felt that I didn't spend enough time on trying to capture the specific image that I wanted. Even though I took a range of different photographs with my model, the photo that I finally decided to use was the best out of the range, although the quality was not as good as I wanted it to be. Therefore, to improve this I would take more time with the camera for capturing the photo, to improve my magazine.